Air-cooled engine.



N. E. HARRIS. AIR QOOLBD ENGINE,

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 2, 1904.

BATENTED AUG. 27,190?

witnesses v m/41, r /v lowing each action of the exhaust.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

NEVILLE E. HARRIS, OF PORT HURON, MICHIGAN.

AIR-COOLED ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 27, 1907.

Application filed December 2, 1904. Serial No. 235,186.

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, NEVILLE E. HARRIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at PortHuron, county of St. Clair, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Air-Cooled Engines,

of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in means for cooling the cylinders of explosive engines, and has for its object, first, to providca greatly increased radiating surface for the cylinder; and, secondly, to provide means by which the exhaust from the cylinder of an explosive engine will be caused to maintain about the cylinder during the operation of the engine a constant cooling air current as distinguished from an intermittent current operating only at or immediately fol- In the 'accompa'iying drawing,Figure 1 is a sectional view through the cylinder of an explosive engine constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a detail elevation, on an enlarged scale, of one of the radial ducts or tubes through which the air current passes; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of one of said tubes.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the cylinder of an explosive engine which may be of any type or style. As the present invention is applicable to any form. of explosi e engine, it has not been thought necessary to illustrate in complete detail the means for supplying the explosive charges to the cylinder or exhausting therefrom the gases resulting from an explosion, but merely to show, conventionally, an exhaust port 2 and inlet 3.

Secured to and projecting radially from the side walls and head of the cylinder 1 are a series of tubes 4. These tubes may be of any suitable diameter and length. Preferably, in order to obtain a maximum radiation with economy of space, they are provided with a bore or passage about thrce-sihteenths of an inch in'diamcter, the outside diameter of the tubes being about three cighths of an inch and their length not exceeding two inches. Said tubes are arranged relatively close tocloscd Within a suitable casing or jacket 7 provided with suitable openings with which the outer ends of the radial tubes 4 communicate.

Said casing is of greater length than the engine cylinder and projects beyond the head thereof to form a chamber 8, through, or across which the tubes 4 secured to the, cylinder head extend the cylinder is kept cool at all times.

and with which chamber communicates the draft duct or pipe 9 through which the exhaust is finally discharged. The cnds of said casing or jacket 7 are closed by walls 10, 11. The draftor exhaust-discharge,pipe 9 is arranged in the most convenient location for tho type of the engine with which it is employed and the exhaust from the cylinder 1 is conveyed to said draft pipe through a pipe 12 leading from 11 0 port 2, or sroin a muffler connected with said port, to the chamber 8 and having its discharge cud near the inner end of and in line with said draft pipe.

' When the engine is running the escape of the exhaust from the cylinder 1, through the draft pipe 9 acts to draw a current of air through each of the tubes 4 from the outer end thereof and through the casing or jacket 7 throughout the length of each of said tubes the air takes up the heat radiated from the cylinder 1 and communicated to said tubes and effectually prevents over-heating of the cylinder.

In order that the circulation of air through the casing 7 and about the engine cylinder may be continuous while the'enginc is operating, the draft pipe is, in the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1,. of such length that, with the engine running at a slow speed, the length of time required for an exhaust inipulse to traverse said tube will be greater than that clapsing between discharges through the port 2. 'lhcreforc a constant suction, or partial vacuum, is maintained in the draft pipe 9 when the engine is working. The cross sectional area of the draft pipe should not be less than one fourth the cross sectional area of all of the radiating tubes in order to obtain the best results.

It will be seen that frcslr air, or air from the outside of the casing or jacket 7, is supplied directly to every point at which heat is radiated from the cylinder and as such circulation is continuous and rapid and covers every portion of heat radiating surface, there being from twelve to eighteen square inches of such radiating surface for every square inch of cylinder surface, The circulation of ,air through the tubes near and on the cylinder head is necessarily stronger than at the other end so that the cooling effect is greatest adjacent the hottest parts of the cylinder. 7

Referring to Fig. 1 itwill be seen that the free end of the exhaustpipe l2. does not extend into he draft thereof permits the passage pipe 9 but terminates some distance beyond the end i extending beyond the head thel'em'i thereof. This arrangement as it provides no obstruction Whatever Within the draft pipe or at the mouth of a maximum quantity of air through said pipe and, as before pointed out, the current introduced through the tubes 4 is strongest in or through those tubes connected with the cylinder head, or the hottest part of the cylinder, and the current passing through the other tubes is of gradually less intensity as the distance of the tube from the cylinder head is increased.

As is well known, the cooling effected by the passage of a current of air over a heated surface depends directly upon the amount of fresh air which is cmployod. In order t'o obtain the best results a continuous and definite current of fresh air must reach all parts of the radiating surface; and this is accomplished by the relative arrangement of the several tubes, the exhaust nozzle and the draft pipe.

The advantages of the invention will be readily understood. It provides for effectually cooling the cylinder of an explosive engine, without the necessity of employing any pump, fan, or other means requiring special power to actuate them. It is equally applicable to engines of any type and the cooling eliect is controlled and regulated by the amount of work which the engine is accomplishing at any particular time. That is, the strength of the cooling air current pends only on the strength of the exhaust, and therefore as the exhaust increases in strength, the strength of the cooling air current is proportionately and correspondingly increased. This feature renders the invention particularly applicable for use with explosive engines for automobiles, the strength of the cooling air current does not depend upon the speed with which the vehicle moves, but is controlled, as above pointed out, directly by the speed at which the engine is running. 'lhcrcl'ore in climbing hills, for instance, 'where the vehicle is moving'reiativ ely slow, although the engine is possibly operating at its maximum speed, there is no danger of the cylinder becoming overheated,

Another great advantage of the invention is the fact that it does not undesirably increase the size of the engine.cylindcr to which it is applied. By this invention also the radiating coils, pipes, pumps, etc., required in water cooled engines are dispensed with and there are no moving parts to get out of order and require repair.

It will be understood that the accompanying illustration is more or less conventional and only intended to represent such an embodiment of the invention as will disclose the operation thereof; and that said invcntion may be applied to any style or construction of explos engine.

What I claim isz-- p 1. The comhnmrion with a cylinder of an explosive en ginh, or :1 ca:' or jacket: surrounding the cylinder and inclosing the head thereof, a plurality of tubes extending i'rom the sidcs and bond of the cylinder to said (fusing and couuuuulc' ting, with apertures in the casing, each of said lulics bay :1 hilcrul opcuing therein, and menus for causing the exhaust. irom the cylinder to create a current of air through said cusinc; and tubes,

2. The combination with a cylinder of an explosive englue, ol. a casing or jacket surrounding the cylinder and tie-- walls al: their the axis thereof, to the sides of the jacket and coinninni eating with openings therein. a second group of tubes extending from the vface oi the cylinder head to the end or the jacket covering such head. and communicating with openings therein, each tube having a lateral opening adja cent the cylinder wall, and means for maintaining a constunt current 01? air through said tubes.

4. The combination with a cylinder otj an explosive engine, of a casing or jacket surrounding said cylinder, a plurality of tubes having; their inner ends secured to the cylinder and their outer ends communicating with openings in said casing, each of said tubes having a lateral aperture therein between the cylinder and casing. and means for causing :1 current of air to pass through each of said tubes and the casing.

5. The combination with a cylinder of an explosive engine, of a casing or jacket surrounding said cylinder and extending longitudinally beyond the head or closed end therol, the ends of said casing or jacket. being closed, a plurality of tubes having their inner ends socuroto the side walls and head of the cylinder and their outer ends communicatine,- with openings in said casing", ouch of said tubes having an aperture in the wall between the cylindercontinuous and definitely directedcurrcnts of fresh air are,

maintained over all the radiating surfaces.

(5. The combination with a cylinder of an explosive ongine, oi. a casing or jacket surrounding said cylinder and inclosing the hand thereof, a plurality of tubes having their inner ends secured to the side walls oithe cylinder and the head thereof and their outer ends communicating with openings in said casing, each of said tubes having an aperture in its wall between the cylinder and casing, a draft pipe communicating at one end with the section of the cnsing that projects beyond the head of the cylinder, and a. duct connected with the exhaust port of the cylinder and adapted to dischargc the exhaust products into said drntt pipe, the communication oi the draft. pipe with the pro jccling' cm] of the casing being such that the currents induccd through the tubes arc/strongest in those tubes conncclod with the cylinder head. i

T. The combination with a cylinder of an explosive engine, of :1 casing or jacket: surrounding said cylinder, a plurality of tubes having their inner ends in contact. with the cylinder and their outer ends communicating with openings in said casing, cuch oi. rid tubes having a lateral aperture therein between the cylinder and sing, and

means for causing a current of air to pass through each oi.

cylinder, and means for maintaining a constant circulation of air through all of said tubes while the engine is running, the air current passing througheach tube being independent of that acting on any of the other tubes.

9. In an internal combustion engine; the combination with a cylinder and coolingjacket therefor, of a plurality of tubular radiator members extending across the ja.kel: transversely to the cylinder axis and cngw-ing the cylinder members being left open.

inner ends, the outer ends or said radiator 10. The combination with a cylinder of an explosive engine, of a jacket surrounding said cylinder and extending longitudinally beyond the head or closed end thereof, the ends of said casing or jacket being closed, a plurality of tubes connected with the side walls and head of the cyliuder and communicatingwith openings in said casing,

each of said tuhes having an aperture in its wall between the cylinder and casing, :1 draft pipe communicating at one end with the section 01 said casing that: projects beyond the head of the cylinder, and a duct connected with an exlmust port of the cylinder and extending into said section of the casing beyond the cylinder head, the free end of said duct terminating in alineinent with but outside of said draft pipe, substantially as and for the purpose de scribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

NEVILLE E. HARRIS.

Witnesses FRANK Ii. WATSON,

ANNA Mourns.- 

